Explanations.__In this Article, "communications" includes communications concerning
industrial or commercial activities carried on, directly or indirectly, by the Federal
Government or a Provincial Government or any statutory body or corporation or company set
up or controlled by such Government.
8. Information as to commission of offences. No Magistrate or Police officer shall be
compelled to say whence he got any information as to the commission of any offence, and no
Revenueofficer shall be compelled to say whence he got any information as to the
commission of any offence against the public revenue.
Explanation.__In this Article, "Revenueofficer" means any officer employed in or about
the business of any branch of the public revenue.
9. Professional communications. No advocate shall at any time be permitted, unless
with his client's express consent, to disclose any communication made to him in the course
and for the purpose of his employment as such advocate, by or on behalf of his client, or to
state the contents or condition of any document with which he has become acquainted in the
course and for the purpose of his professional employment, or to disclose any advice given
by him to his client in the course and for the purpose of such employment:
Provided that nothing in this Article shall protect from disclosure—
(1) any such communication made in furtherance of any illegal purpose, or
(2) any fact observed by any advocate, in the course of his employment as such, showing
that any crime or fraud has been committed since the commencement of his employment,
whether the attention of such advocate was or was not directed to such fact by or on behalf
of his client.
Explanation.__ The obligation stated in this Article continues after the employment has
ceased.
Illustrations
(a) A, a client says to B, an advocate "I wish to obtain possession of property by the
use of a forged deed on which I request you to sue".
The communication, being made in furtherance of a criminal purpose, is not protected
from disclosure.
(b) A, being charged with embezzlement, retains B, an advocate, to defend him. In
the course of the proceedings, B observes that an entry has been made in A's
account book charging A with the sum said to have been embezzled, which entry
was not in the book at the commencement of his employment.
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