Safeguards guaranteeing protection of the rights of those
facing the death penalty
Approved by Economic and Social Council resolution 1984/50
of 25 May 1984
1. In countries which have not abolished the death penalty, capital punishment may be
imposed only for the most serious crimes, it being understood that their scope should not go
beyond intentional crimes with lethal or other extremely grave consequences.
2. Capital punishment may be imposed only for a crime for which the death penalty is
prescribed by law at the time of its commission, it being understood that if, subsequent to the
commission of the crime, provision is made by law for the imposition of a lighter penalty, the
offender shall benefit thereby.
3. Persons below 18 years of age at the time of the commission of the crime shall not be
sentenced to death, nor shall the death sentence be carried out on pregnant women, or on
new mothers, or on persons who have become insane.
4. Capital punishment may be imposed only when the guilt of the person charged is based
upon clear and convincing evidence leaving no room for an alternative explanation of the
facts.
5. Capital punishment may only be carried out pursuant to a final judgement rendered by a
competent court after legal process which gives all possible safeguards to ensure a fair trial, at
least equal to those contained in article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights, including the right of anyone suspected of or charged with a crime for which capital
punishment may be imposed to adequate legal assistance at all stages of the proceedings.
6. Anyone sentenced to death shall have the right to appeal to a court of higher jurisdiction,
and steps should be taken to ensure that such appeals shall become mandatory.
7. Anyone sentenced to death shall have the right to seek pardon, or commutation of
sentence; pardon or commutation of sentence may be granted in all cases of capital
punishment.
8. Capital punishment shall not be carried out pending any appeal or other recourse procedure
or other proceeding relating to pardon or commutation of the sentence.
9. Where capital punishment occurs, it shall be carried out so as to inflict the minimum
possible suffering.