(3) Nothing in this Article shall affect the validity of—
(a) any law permitting the compulsory acquisition or taking possession of any property for
preventing danger to life, property or public health; or
(b) any law permitting the taking over of any property which has been acquired by, or
come into the possession of, any person by any unfair means, or in any manner, contrary
to law; or
(c) any law relating to the acquisition, administration or disposal of any property which is or is
deemed to be enemy property or evacuee property under any law (not being property
which has ceased to be evacuee property under any law); or
(d) any law providing for the taking over of the management of any property by the State for
a limited period, either in the public interest or in order to secure the proper management
of the property, or for the benefit of its owner; or
(e) any law providing for the acquisition of any class of property for the purpose of—
(i) providing education and medical aid to all or any specified class of citizens; or
(ii) providing housing and public facilities and services such as roads, water supply,
sewerage, gas and electric power to all or any specified class of citizens; or
(iii) providing maintenance to those who, on account of unemployment, sickness,
infirmity or old age, are unable to maintain themselves; or
(f) any existing law or any law made in pursuance of Article 253.
(4) The adequacy or otherwise of any compensation provided for by any such law as is referred
to in this Article, or determined in pursuance thereof, shall not be called in question in any court.
25. Equality of citizens.__(1) All citizens are equal before law and are entitled to equal
protection of law.
(2) There shall be no discrimination on the basis of sex1*.
(3) Nothing in this Article shall prevent the State from making any special provision for the
protection of women and children.
2[25A. Right to education. The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children
of the age of five to sixteen years in such manner as may be determined by law.]
1 The word "alone" omitted by the Constitution (Eighteenth Amdt.) Act, 2010 (10 of 2010), s. 8.
2 New Article 25A ins. ibid., s. 9.
Page 20 of 167