This being a fact observed by B in the course of his employment ,showing that a fraud has
been committed since the commencement of the proceedings, it is not protected from
disclosure.
10. Article 9 to apply to interpreters, etc. The provisions of Article 9 shall apply to
interpreters, and the clerks or servants of advocates.
11. Privilege not waived by volunteering evidence: If any party to a suit gives
evidence therein at his own instance or otherwise, he shall not be deemed to have consented
thereby to such disclosure as is mentioned in Article 9, and, if any party to a suit or
proceeding calls any such advocate as a witness, he shall be deemed to have consented to
such disclosure only if he questions such advocate on matters which, but for such question,
he would not be at liberty to disclose.
12. Confidential communications with legal advisers. No one shall be compelled to
disclose to the Court, tribunal or other authority exercising judicial or quasijudicial powers or
jurisdiction any confidential communication which has taken place between him and his legal
professional adviser, unless he offers himself as a witness, in which case he may be
compelled to disclose any such communications as may appear to the Court necessary to be
known in order to explain any evidence which he has given, but no others.
13. Production of title deed of witness, not a party. No witness who is not a party to a
suit shall be compelled to produce his title deeds to any property or any document in virtue of
which he holds any property as pledgee or mortgagee or any document the production of
which might tend to criminate him, unless he has agreed in writing to produce them with the
person seeking the production of such deeds or some person through whom he claims.
14. Production of documents which another person, having possession, could
refuse to produce. No one shall be compelled to produce documents in his possession,
which any other person would be entitled to refuse to produce if they were in his possession,
unless such lastmentioned person consents to their production.
15. Witness not excused�� from answering on ground that answer will criminate. A
witness shall not be excused from answering any question as to any matter relevant to the
matter in issue in any suit or in any civil or criminal proceedings, upon the ground that the
answer to such question will criminate, or may tend directly or indirectly to criminate, such
witness, or that it will expose, or tend directly or indirectly to expose, such witness to a
penalty or forfeiture of any kind:
Provided that no such answer, which a witness shall be compelled to give, shall subject
him to any arrest or prosecution, or be proved against him in any criminal proceeding, except
a prosecution for giving false evidence by such answer.
16. Accomplice. An accomplice shall be a competent witness against an accused
person, except in the case of an offence punishable with hadd; and a conviction is not illegal
merely because it proceeds upon the uncorroborated testimony of an accomplice.
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