Explanation.__A witness may give oral evidence of statements made by other persons about the
contents of documents if such statements are in themselves relevant facts.
Illustration
The question is, whether A assaulted B.
C deposes that he heard A say to D—"B wrote a letter accusing me of theft, and I will be
revenged on him". This statement is relevant, as showing A's motive for the assault, and evidence
may be given of it, though no other evidence is given about the letter.
140. Crossexamination as to previous statements in writing. A witness may be cross
examined as to previous statements made by him in writing or reduce into writing, and relevant to
matters in question, without such writing being shown to him, or being proved; but, if it is intended to
contradict him by the writing, his attention must, before the writing can be proved, be called to those
parts of it which are to be used for the purpose of contradicting him.
141. Questions lawful in crossexamination. When a witness is crossexamined, he may, in
addition to the questions hereinbefore referred to, be asked any questions which tend—
(1) to test his veracity,
(2) to discover who he is and what is his position in life, or
(3) to shake his credit, by injuring his character, although the answer to such questions might tend
directly or indirectly to criminate him or might expose or tend directly or indirectly to expose him to
a penalty or forfeiture.
142. When witness to be compelled to answer. If any such question relates to a matter relevant
to the suit or proceeding, the provisions of Article 15 shall apply thereto.
143. Court to decide when question shall be asked and when witness compelled to answer. If
any such question relates to a matter not relevant to the suit or proceeding, except in so far as it
affects the credit of the witness by injuring his character, the Court shall decide whether or not the
witness shall be compelled to answer it, and may, if it thinks fit, warn the witness that he is not
obliged to answer it. In exercising its discretion, the Court shall have regard to the following
considerations: —
(1) such questions are proper if they are of such a nature that the truth of the imputation
conveyed by them would seriously effect the opinion of the Court as to the credibility of the witness
on the matter to which he testifies ;
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