1.2 METHODOLOGY This report is based on the stories of 10 Pakistani nationals, as narrated by their family members in conversations with Justice Project Pakistan (JPP) in 2014 and 2015, who were arrested in Saudi Arabia on narcotics-smuggling charges, court and other documents relevant to their cases, and analyses of Pakistani law and international conventions. Interviews were also conducted with ten individuals representing Overseas Employment Promoters (OEPs) in Lahore, Peshawar and Karachi in 2018, as well as with former detainees imprisoned in Saudi Arabia conducted in 2015 and 2016. Two of the interviews with OEP representatives were conducted over the phone. All of the names of OEP representatives, current and former detainees interviewed have been withheld to protect their identities or as per their request. The report also includes similar informal conversations with various stakeholders in the process, including the Bureau of Emigration and Overseas Employment, the Anti Narcotics Force and recorded responses received by Justice Project Pakistan (JPP) in the process of their public interest litigation, advocating for the rights of these detainees. The responses include those from Pakistan Diplomatic Missions in Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar and Oman, from the Overseas Pakistani Foundation, from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) and from the Ministry of Interior (MoI). Research for this report is also based on official data, including statistics, from the Government of Pakistan, as well as data from the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the Gulf Research Center, an independent non-governmental organisation. 5