Contents
1
Executive Summary
1
1.1
Recommendations
4
1.2
Methodology
5
1.3
Case Study: Farooq
6
2
Pakistan’s Recruitment Regime: Failing to Protect Migrant Workers from Exploitation
7
2.1
The Recruitment Process Under Pakistani Law
7
2.2
Failures in the Recruitment Process
9
2.2.1 Trading of Illegal Azad Visas 10
2.2.2 Pre-Departure Briefing
11
2.2.3 The Role of Subagents in Labour Migration
13
3
Grievance Mechanisms in Origin and Destination Country
16
3.1
Inadequate Coordination Between State Authorities
17
3.2
Imprisoned without Consular Assistance
19
3.3
Narcotics Control
22
3.4
Criminalisation
23
4
Conclusion
Endnotes
25