Contents
I.
Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 4
II.
Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 8
III.
Background ............................................................................................................................... 11
a)
Overview ................................................................................................................................... 11
b)
DFIP Handover and the Fate of TCNs ........................................................................................ 11
c)
Due process for detainees ........................................................................................................ 13
d)
Litigation efforts ........................................................................................................................ 15
IV.
Experiences of families and ex-detainees ................................................................................. 18
a)
Detainees in Despair ................................................................................................................. 18
b)
Indefinite detention and repercussions for families ................................................................. 21
c)
Kept in the Dark ........................................................................................................................ 26
d)
Families’ and Detainees’ Views of the U.S. and Pakistani Governments.................................. 30
V.
Repatriation .................................................................................................................................. 35
a)
Non-refoulement and humanitarian assurances in international law ...................................... 35
b)
Mitigating the risk of torture or ill-treatment upon return ...................................................... 37
1. Assessing the Risk of Torture or Ill-Treatment to Pakistani Detainees Transferred from the
DFIP .............................................................................................................................................. 38
2.
c)
Humane Treatment Assurances ............................................................................................ 39
U.S. Security Concerns .............................................................................................................. 42
1.
Avoiding Overstated Fears of Recidivism.............................................................................. 42
2.
Flaws in Review Process and Balancing the Costs of Continuing Indefinite Detention ........ 44
3.
Security and Anti-Terrorism Mechanisms in Pakistan .......................................................... 46
d)
Ad Hoc Negotiations and Lack of Clear Policies ........................................................................ 50
e)
Politicization of the repatriation process .................................................................................. 53
VI.
Recommendations .................................................................................................................... 57
3