Undertake a survey to identify children lacking birth registration and/or identity documentation, and ensure retroactive birth registration and issuance of documents; and Ensure children lacking identity documents are not refused access to services. LACK OF AGE DETERMINATION PROTOCOLS 07 Mechanisms to investigate a person’s age in the absence of a birth certificate are lacking. Pakistan should establish compulsory procedures to determine the age of a prisoner. These procedures should include a presumption of validity of official records and place the onus of proving beyond reasonable doubt that a person was not a juvenile upon the State. 08 Effective age determination mechanisms must ensure that where there is no proof of age, the child is entitled to a proper investigation and where the evidence is conflicting or inconclusive the child shall have the right to the rule of the benefit of the doubt. TORTURE AND CRUEL INHUMAN AND DEGRADING TREATMENT 09 Cruel and inhuman punishments of all persons below 18 years should be prohibited (including) death sentences and length prison terms and sentences) and alternative measures of sentencing to detention should be promoted, wherever possible. 10 Pakistan is recommended to expressly exempt all children below the age of 18 years from punishment for Hadood offences which involve amputation, whipping, stoning and other forms of torture and cruel and degrading punishment. 11 There are reports of systematic and widespread torture and ill treatment of children in police stations and prisons, including reports of torture of children by the Faisalabad district police. Pakistan is urged to launch an independent inquiry into all alleged cases of torture and ill-treatment of children, in particular committed by law-enforcement officers, including the Faisalabad district police, and ensure those carrying out, ordering, condoning or facilitating these practices are brought to justice and punished. LOW IMPLEMENTATION OF JJSO 12 Pakistan has insufficiently implemented the Juvenile Justice System Ordinance (JJSO) of 2000 which provides for juvenile courts staffed by specially trained juvenile personnel, children to not be tried as adults in Shariah courts, and that the death penalty should not apply to children (as per 12(a) JJSO). This Ordinance should prevail over all other laws. 13 The detention of children together with adults leads to the abuse of children by other prisoners and prison staff. Pakistan must ensure children are not detained with adults, detention conditions comply with international standards, there is systematic and regular monitoring of detention places where children are detained, and any reports of ill-treatment are investigated and perpetrators punished.