OFFENSES DEEMED BY HRC TO VIOLATE ICCPR ARTICLE 6 IF PUNISHABLE BY DEATH Apostasy22 Treason 24 Drug Trafficking 30 Or Drug-related Offenses 31 Adultery or illicit sex 34 CORRESPONDING OFFENSES RECEIVING DEATH PENALTY IN PAKISTAN Blasphemy 23 High Treason: 25 Mutiny And Insubordination: 26 Abetment Of Mutiny: 27 Offenses Against The State: 28 Offenses In Relation To The Enemy 29 Drug smuggling:32 importing or exporting dangerous drugs into and from Pakistan 33 Zina35 (adultery and illegal sexual intercourse, including rape); stripping a woman's clothes 36 Abduction not resulting in death 37 Kidnapping or abduction, including for the purpose of extorting property:38 hijacking and harboring hijacking39 Robbery 40 or theft by force 41 Haraba 42 (highway robbery) Vague offenses related to internal and external security 43 Sabotage of the railway system 44 In addition, the Human Rights Committee has found that a crime that does not “produce the death or wounding of any person” violates the same provision.45 In Pakistan, however, still more crimes that do not result in the death or wounding of another might incur capital punishment. These nonviolent offenses include arms trading; “46 show[ing] cowardice [in the presence of any enemy]” as a member of the Pakistani Army;47 and giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to procure the conviction of a capital offence.48 Simply put, these lesser offenses clearly do not constitute the “most serious crimes” under international law and therefore should not be punishable by death. In addition, the broad definition of certain crimes, such as blasphemy, may result in the wrongful execution of persons with mental illness or other disabilities. NUMBER OF OFFENCES THAT CARRY THE DEATH PENALTY IN PAKISTAN 27 A “MOST SERIOUS CRIME”: PAKISTAN'S UNLAWFUL USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY 5