GLOSSARY Anti-Terrorism Act (ATA), 1997 – explicitly enacted in response to a bomb attack earlier that year, the Act broadened the previous definition of ‘terrorism’ and created special anti-terrorism courts. Anti-Terrorism Courts – special courts created by the Anti-Terrorism Act 1997 for the hearing of terrorism cases. Compromise – a Sharia Law principle, as introduced into Pakistani law in 1990. The victim of a crime against the human body or their legal heirs, may agree to expunge the perpetrator’s criminal sentence, either in exchange for monetary or without this. First Information Report (FIR) – the initial written document prepared by police when they first receive information about the commission of an offence. Qisas and Diyat – two forms of punishment under Islamic penal law, as introduced into Pakistan’s criminal law in 1990, under which crimes against the human body are seen as offences against an individual, not society or the state. Diyat (blood money) allows the legal heirs of a murder victim to agree to a compromise with the perpetrator, wither in exchange for monetary compensation or without this. Qisas (retribution) entails the right of the victimor their legal heirs to inflict comparable injuries to the perpetrator as he or she inflicted on the victim, including – in the case of murder – causing his or her death. The permission of a court is required in all cases. Roola/Rooler – Perpetrators make the victim lie down, facing up, and place a roola – a long, thick, bamboo or wooden rod-on top of him. A perpetrator sits or stands on either side of the rod to weigh it down. Two other perpetrators pull or push the rod over the victim’s body, crushing him. The heavy pressure caused by men sitting on the rod causes extreme pain. It is particularly painful on the thighs. The method can cause lasting harm, including limiting victim’s ability to walk for years after the torture and limiting a man’s ability to have sexual intercourse. Strappado – Perpetrators tie the hands of the victim behind his back. They tie a rope around his wrists and suspend him, hanging him above the floor. Strappado can cause both arms to dislocate. Perpetrators sometimes add weights to the victim's body to intensify the effect and increase the pain. TRIAL AND TERROR 30