C says that B, when dying, declared that A had given B the wound of which he died.
Evidence is offered to show that, on a previous occasion, C said that the wound was not
given by A or in his presence.
The evidence is admissible.
152. Questions tending to corroborate evidence of relevant fact admissible. When a witness
whom it is intended to corroborate gives evidence of any relevant fact, he may be questioned as to
any other circumstances which he observed at or near to the time or place at which such relevant fact
occurred if the Court is of opinion that such circumstances, if proved, would corroborate the
testimony of the witness as to the relevant fact which he testifies.
Illustration
A, an accomplice, gives an account of robbery in which he took part. He describes various
incidents unconnected with the robbery which occurred on his way to and from the place where it
was committed.
Independent evidence of these facts may be given in order to corroborate his evidence as to the
robbery itself.
153. Former statements of witness may be proved to corroborate later testimony as to same
fact. In order to corroborate the testimony of a witness, any former statement made by such witness
relating to the same fact at or about the time when the fact took place, or before any authority legally
competent to investigate the facts, may be proved.
154. What matters may be proved in connection with proved statement relevant under
Article 46 or 47. Whenever any statement, relevant under Article 46 or 47, is proved, all matters
may be proved either in order to contradict or corroborate it, or in order to impeach or confirm the
credit of the person by whom it was made, which might have been proved if that person had been
called as a witness and had denied upon cross examination the truth of the matter suggested.
155. Refreshing memory.__ (1) A witness may, while under examination, refresh his memory by
referring to any writing made by himself at the time of the transaction concerning which he is
questioned, or so soon afterwards that the Court considers it likely that the transaction was at that
time fresh in his memory.
(2) The witness may also refer to any such writing made by any other person, and read by the
witness within the time aforesaid, if when he read if he knew it to be correct.
(3) Whenever a witness may refresh his memory by reference to any document, he may, with the
permission of the Court, refer to a copy of such document:
Provided the Court be satisfied that there is sufficient reason for the nonproduction of the
original.
(4) An expert may refresh his memory by reference to professional treaties.
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