19 BURJOR AVARI, ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION IN SOUTH ASIA: A HISTORY OF MUSLIM POWER AND PRESENCE 239 (2013). 20 Richard Blue, Richard Hoffman & Louis-Alexandre Berg, Pakistan Rule of Law Assessment, USAID, at 6 (Nov. 2008), http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADO130.pdf. 21 Anti-Terrorism Act of 1997 (XXVI of 1997). 22 Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Comm.: Sudan, ¶ 8, 61st Sess., 1 Nov. 1997 U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/79/Add.85. 23 PAK. PENAL CODE § 295-C. 24 Comm. on Human Rights, ¶ 83, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/2001/9 (11 January 2001) (affirming that “[t]he Special Rapporteur is strongly of the opinion that these restrictions exclude the possibility of imposing death sentences for economic and other socalled victimless offences, actions relating to prevailing moral values, or activities of a religious or political nature - including acts of treason, espionage or other vaguely defined acts usually described as “crimes against the State”). 25 High Treason Act of 1973 (LXVIII of 1973), § 2(b). 26 Pakistan Army Act of 1952 (XXXIX of 1952), § 31. 27 PAK. PENAL CODE § 132. 28 PAK. PENAL CODE § 121. 29 Pakistan Army Act of 1952 (XXXIX of 1952), § 24. 30 Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Comm.: Thailand, 84th Sess., ¶ 14 (July 2005) U.N. Doc. CCPR/CO/84/THA, ¶ 14 31 Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Comm.: Kuwait, 103d Sess., 17 Oct.-4 Nov. 2011, ¶ 14(b) U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/KWT/CO/2,. 32 Control of Narcotics Substances Act (XXV of 1997) § 9©. 33 Dangerous Drugs Act (II of 1930) § 13. 34 Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Comm.: Sudan, ¶ 8, 90th Sess., July 9-27, 2007, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/SDN/CO/3. 35 Offence of Zina (Enforcement of Hudood) Ordinance (VII of 1979) § 5(2)(a). 36 PAK. PENAL CODE § 354-A. 37 Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Comm.: Guatemala, ¶ 17, 2001, U.N. Doc. CCPR/CO/72/GTM. 38 PAK. PENAL CODE, §§ 364-A, 365-A. 39 PAK. PENAL CODE, § 402-B, C. 40 Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Comm.: Republic of Korea, ¶ 9 (1992) U.N. Doc. A/47/40, 1224. 41 Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Comm.: Sudan, ¶ 8, 1997, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/79/Add.85 Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Comm.: Sudan, ¶ 19, 90th Sess., July 9-27, 2007, U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/SDN/CO/3. 42 Offences Against Property (Enforcement of Hudood) Ordinance (VI of 1979) § 17(4). 43 Concluding Observations of the Human Rights Comm.: Kuwait, ¶ 14(b) U.N. Doc. CCPR/C/KWT/CO/2. 44 Railways (Amended) Act (IV of 1995) § 126. A “MOST SERIOUS CRIME”: PAKISTAN'S UNLAWFUL USE OF THE DEATH PENALTY 45